Cologne is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,047 at the 2020 census, up from 1,519 at the 2010 …Cologne is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 2,047 at the 2020 census, up from 1,519 at the 2010 census. The city is approximately 30 miles from Minneapolis. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.87 square miles, of which 1.75 square miles is land and 0.12 square miles is water.