Glen Carbon is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States, 14 miles northeast of St. Louis. It is part of the St. Louis metropolitan area. The population was 13,842 at the 2020 census. In 1801, Colonel Samuel Judy received a military grant for 100 acres of land near the base of the bluffs just north of Judys Branch, and became one of the first perman…Glen Carbon is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States, 14 miles northeast of St. Louis. It is part of the St. Louis metropolitan area. The population was 13,842 at the 2020 census. In 1801, Colonel Samuel Judy received a military grant for 100 acres of land near the base of the bluffs just north of Judys Branch, and became one of the first permanent settlers of Madison County. The land was called Goshen Settlement, after the biblical land of Goshen. It was renamed "Glen Carbon" to reflect its coal mining heritage.