Pawnee Rock is a city in Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 193. Pawnee Rock was f…Pawnee Rock is a city in Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 193. Pawnee Rock was founded in 1874. It was named from the historic landmark Pawnee Rock nearby. Pawnee Rock was incorporated in 1887.