Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) is a Sunni Islamist political and militant group that was set up in 2011 which has a key role in the Syrian civil war. The leader of the Islamist Group (IS) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was involved in the formation of HTS in 2011 under a different name, Jabhat al-Nusra.

In just a few days, a patchwork of rebel forces has seized control of a broad stretch of land in the west and northwest of Syria.