Trump has made clear he will use tariffs — many of which he can enact without Congress’ approval — to an unprecedented degree as a bludgeon against allies and rivals alike to achieve domestic and foreign policy goals. Rising inflation as tariffs result in higher prices on imports such as cars, electronics, food, and clothing.

Trump, who takes office on Jan. 20, said he would impose a 25% tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico until they clamped down on drugs, particularly fentanyl, and migrants crossing the border, in a move that would appear to violate a free-trade deal.