The land south of the Terek along the Caspian Sea was controlled by various Khanates nominally subject to Persia, the northernmost of which later became the Shamkhalate of Tarki. Free Cossacks were ...

Also at this time the Rus’ held Tmutarakan on the Taman Peninsula. From the mid-16th century, there was an isolated group of Cossacks on the Terek River and by around 1550 Cossacks were established on ...

Among the Cossacks, there were not only brave warriors in the service of the tsar and the fatherland, but also cruel robbers and rebels. You will see both in this collection of visually stunning ...

It’s impossible to imagine the life of the Russian Cossacks without churches. During campaigns, they set up temporary field churches and permanent churches were built in villages and at Cossack ...

2.1.4 2.2.0 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 ...