Once a cheap answer to Russia’s artillery dominance, Ukrainian small and inexpensive first-person view (FPV) drones are now a force in their own right. They are used on a huge scale, with Ukraine projected to produce 2m this year.

Russia launched a total of 347 missiles as well as over 2,500 Shahed-type attack drones at Ukraine in November, President Volodymyr Zelensky said at a news conference on Dec. 1.

Russia is using decoys so more of its explosive drones get through Ukraine's air defenses.

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Ukraine's air force said it shot down 22 of 28 Russian drones in Moscow's overnight barrage, though acknowledged "several hits on critical infrastructure facilities."

Ukrainian drones attacked a Russian airport in Ryazan, about 125 miles from Moscow, where Tu-22 bombers are stationed, and a naval port in Novorossiysk on the Black Sea, which serves as a base for ships used to shell Ukraine,

Russian officials reported that Ukrainian drones launched attacks on Ryazan Oblast overnight on December 4, with local Telegram channels citing explosions near the Dyagilevo airbase. According to the Kyiv Independent,